Glycans, also known as polysaccharides, are carbohydrates that result from a chain combination of sugar molecules. These important chemical compounds play an essential role within organisms, for instance, lipids and proteins. In this blog, we’ll look closely at glycan synthesis and its functions and significance in human life. So, without any further delay, let’s get started!
Glycans – Bird’s-Eye View
In layman’s language, glycans result from various monosaccharide molecules bonded chemically together. These linkages range from extremely long, complex chains of molecules to intricate, branched structures.
Furthermore, glycans are usually linked to other molecules, primarily proteins, and lipids. The best daily-life example of glycan is chitin and cellulose. In addition, glycans can be distinguished into two classes which are N-linked and O-linked. The former glycans are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum, while the latter form in Golgi.
Purpose Of Glycans
It goes without saying that sugar is essential in generating energy and maintaining metabolism. In addition, on cellular levels, glycans are crucial as infectious and symbiotic organisms that identify and come in contact with glycans on the outer surface of the cells to mediate the interaction with the host.
N-linked glycans play an essential role in protein folding in eukaryotic cells. The protein folding occurs at glycan and is carried out through chaperone proteins and glucose residue binding. When folding is done, the residues are removed, and the glycan goes under further processing. However, if protein folding doesn’t come to completion, the glucose residues are again attached to the chaperone proteins.
O-linked glycans are also crucial for the reaction of fluid and cells present in the body. In addition, salivary protein such as mucin is vital for the healthy development of bacteria and other microorganisms present in the intestine that enhance the digestive system.
Importance of Glycan In Health
Chronic illnesses or diseases of progressive nature, such as dementia, occur due to the presence of amyloid-beta and tau that triggers Alzheimer’s disease. Recent glycobiological studies have shown that cellular glycans in medicine can reduce the O-GlcNAc on tau, which is a significant breakthrough in curing this disease.
In addition, glycans help suppress viral infection and block bacterial organisms and toxins on cell surfaces. Furthermore, Plenty of glycan-based drugs have been reviewed to prevent the effect of influenza and inhibit infected cells from attacking respiratory systems.
Summing It Up
It’s no secret that glycans involve some of the most complex structures that need to be studied from top to bottom. However, a thorough study of glycan can unlock many doors for medical professionals and researchers to find a cure for many medical conditions and chronic diseases.
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