mRNA Vaccine is a new vaccine which can induce adaptive immune response by introducing pathogenic mRNA or cancer cell mRNA, thereby triggering adaptive immune response to achieve immune effect. The core component of mRNA vaccine is the mRNA molecule encoding antigen .

These mRNA molecules are coated by special carriers such as solid lipid nanoparticles, which function to protect these relatively fragile mRNA molecules and to assist them in entering cells .

The study of mRNA vaccines will provide a new means to save the mankind from pathogenic microorganism infection and improve the cure rate of tumors. The advantages of mRNA vaccines over conventional vaccines are as follows:

• mRNA vaccines simultaneously induce cellular immunity and humoral immunity—high immunization effect
• mRNA vaccines do not enter cell nucleus—no risk of exogenous gene integration
• mRNA vaccines encode a large number of epitopes—suitable for vaccines encoding tumor-associated epitopes
• mRNA vaccines do not require processes such as cell culture—low cost and high production efficiency

Nevertheless, little is known of the long-term side effects of mRNA vaccines, which also have autoimmunity risk [5] .

With the wide clinical application of mRNA vaccines, the technology roadmap for stable and efficient synthesis of mRNA has also gradually mRNA Vaccinematured, which poses higher quality requirements for enzymes and other relevant raw materials for synthesizing mRNA.